The recent growth in information technology has given rise to several new IS research issues. The roots of this development can be traced to the PC revolution of the early 80's, the arrival of local area networks leading to distributed computing/communication systems, wide area networks that began to link computers across the world, the arrival of the Internet, client/server information systems, several ancillary technologies and applications that grew around these basic technological iinovations, and a daunting array of commercial products and solutions addressing specific as well as generic user needs. As a result, new avenues of IS related research that are critical, exciting, and challenging have arisen. Some examples of these numerous research issues are: distributed systems configuration, interoperability among heterogeneous platforms, infrastructure planning, technology standardization, and several applications of technology that have come to the forefront of IS research. In order to understand the scope and thrust of these emerging research disciplines, we provide a broad conceptual organization of the state-of-the-art IS research in Figure 3. Figure 3 organizes the state-of-the-art IS/IT research into five layers, successively expanding in scope, thrust and interactions: basic IS core tools and techniques, current and emerging IT tools, research disciplines that interface with IS, the specialized tools and techniques of the interfacing disciplines, and the application areas for which systems and solutions are developed using a combination of the tools and techniques of IS, IT and the interfacing disciplines. Much of the cutting edge IS/IT research occurs at these interfaces leading to novel systems and technologies for various application domains. The creativity in these efforts can be seen in the ways the tools of IS, IT and base disciplines are combined in developing systems and solutions.

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